终末期肿瘤病人如何推荐营养治疗？

Nutritional therapy can improve the quality of life of end-stage cancer patients (Level 2A);

Nutritional therapy alone can neither maintain the fat-free body weight nor improve the mean survival time and long-term survival for patients with severe protein-energy undernutrition and cachexia (Level 2A);

Most patients near the end of life need only a very small amount of food and water to reduce hunger and thirst the end of life, while excessive nutritional therapy will instead increase their metabolic burden, thus affecting the quality of life (Level 2A);

High-energy nutritional therapy is not recommended for patients with end-stage malignancies to achieve positive nitrogen balance or nitrogen balance (Level 2A);

Proactive nutritional therapy provides a timeframe and opportunity for anti-tumor therapy, and the combination of both is helpful in improving the quality of life and survival (Level 2A);

Formulation of required nutrients should be based on an individualized assessment of the disease status, body weight and body composition, as well as changes in physiological functions (Level 2A);

Glucocorticoid and megestrol acetate are conclusively effective in increasing appetite (Level 1);

While the decision of enteral or parenteral nutrition should be based on specific conditions, close monitoring of fluid volume, edema or dehydration symptoms and signs, and blood electrolyte levels must be guaranteed in either case, in conjunction with timely adjustment and administration of doses (Level 1).