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发表者:陶可 人已读
超声引导下的髋关节注射———北京大学人民医院多学科诊治经验:2019年超声技术学Arthrosc Tech杂志:超声引导下的髋关节内穿刺注射:Nashville声像
作者;Elizabeth A Bardowski, J W Thomas Byrd
作者单位:美国田纳西州纳什维尔 Nashville髋关节研究所
译者:陶可(北京大学人民医院骨关节科)
石晓辰(北京大学人民医院超声医学科)
摘要:
超声引导下髋关节腔内注射已成为各种髋关节疾病诊断和治疗的重要方法。它是髋关节问题临床评估中病史和检查的最佳辅助手段,在症状性疾病的保守治疗中具有重要的治疗价值,尤其是与需督导的物理治疗相结合使用时。
Fig 1. Injection procedure supplies (germicidal disposable cloth wipe, sterile gloves, ethyl chloride spray, bandage, lollipop [optional]).
图 1. 注射所需用品(一次性无菌巾单、无菌手套、氯乙烷喷雾剂、绷带、棒棒糖 [可选])。
Fig 2. Sterile tray containing procedure supplies (1.5-inch, 18-gauge needle; sterile 10-cc syringe; 3.5-inch, 22-gauge beveled spinal needle; chlorhexidine swab; sterile ultrasound gel packet; sterile 4 x 4 gauze pad).
图 2. 装有手术用品的无菌托盘(1.5 英寸、18 号针头;无菌 10 毫升注射器;3.5 英寸、22 号斜面脊椎针头;洗必泰拭子;无菌超声凝胶包;无菌 4x4 纱布垫)。
Fig 3. Typical medication used for diagnostic and therapeutic injections (1% lidocaine hydrochloride; 0.25% bupivacaine hydrochloride; methylprednisone acetate, 40 mg). For a diagnostic injection, 3 cc of 1% lidocaine and 4 cc of 0.25% bupivacaine are injected. For a therapeutic injection, 2 cc of 1% lidocaine, 4 cc of 0.25% bupivacaine, and 1 cc (40 mg) of methylprednisone are injected.
图 3. 用于诊断和治疗注射的经典药物(1% 盐酸利多卡因;0.25% 盐酸布比卡因;醋酸甲泼尼松,40 毫克)。对于诊断注射,注射 3 毫升 1% 利多卡因和 4 毫升 0.25% 布比卡因。对于治疗性注射,注射 2 毫升 1% 利多卡因、4 毫升 0.25% 布比卡因和 1 毫升(40 毫克)醋酸甲泼尼松。
Fig 4. (A) Visualization of this right hip is performed by placing the curvilinear transducer firmly over the area of the femoral headeneck junction in the long axis view and slightly oblique. A slightly oblique angle to the transducer allows a more lateral entry site for the needle into the joint capsule and increases the distance between the needle and the femoral neurovascular structures anterior to the hip. The skin has been sterilely prepared, and sterile gel is used. Before the injection, a scan should be performed to visualize the location of the neurovascular bundle. (B) Ultrasound image of anterior right hip joint with transducer positioned over femoral head/neck junction as described earlier.
图 4. (A) 在长轴视图中,通过将曲线探头牢固地放置在股骨头颈交界处的区域上并略微倾斜,可以显示该右髋。与探头略微倾斜的角度允许针进入关节囊的更多侧向进入位置,并增加针与髋部前方的股骨神经血管结构之间的距离。皮肤已无菌制备,并使用无菌凝胶。注射前,应进行扫描以可视化神经血管束的位置。 (B)右侧髋关节前方的超声图像,探头位于股骨头/颈部交界处,如前所述。
Fig 5. (A) The needle is inserted in plane with the transducer, which allows visualization of the needle throughout the course of its advancement to the capsule. (B) The needle can be seen entering the right hip joint capsule at the femoral headeneck junction.
图 5. (A) 针头与探头一起插入在平面内,这样可以在针头进入髋关节囊的整个过程中对其进行可视化操作。(B) 可以看到针头在股骨头颈交界处进入右侧髋关节囊。
Fig 6. (A) The transducer remains in the same plane throughout the injection. (B) The medication can be visualized entering the right hip joint capsule.
图 6. (A) 探头在整个注射过程中保持在同一平面。(B) 可以看到药物进入右侧髋关节囊。
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髋关节疼痛——髋关节早中期骨关节炎/股骨头坏死注射治疗
经典案例介绍
患者,老年男性,69岁,退休,身高170cm,体重75kg,BMI=25.95
?主诉:双侧髋关节疼痛3月余,加重伴屈髋、行走困难6周。
?现病史:3月前登上后开始出现双侧髋关节疼痛,以屈髋深蹲、跷二郎腿时明显,后髋部疼痛呈进行性加重,在外院行髋关节X线片、核磁共振MRI检查后,诊断“髋关节退行性骨关节炎”,曾行消炎止疼药物治疗,症状有所缓解,而后未能坚持正规治疗与复查,症状反复。现患者髋关节屈伸活动受限6周余,活动时VAS评分5-6分。
?既往史:双膝关节无外伤或手术史。
?骨科查体:双髋关节皮肤颜色、温度基本正常,无疤痕,稍肿胀,双髋关节周围轻压痛、叩击痛,双髋关节屈伸活动度90°,左髋关节内外旋转活动度25-0-30°,右髋关节内外旋转活动度35-0-45°。
?辅助检查:髋关节X线片+核磁共振MRI:髋关节退行性骨关节炎(轻度,Tonnis I级-早中期),盂唇损伤(核磁共振检查未报,阅片得出)
经上述影像学检查确诊早中期髋关节退行性骨关节炎和盂唇损伤后,给予患者超声引导下髋关节腔注射治疗玻璃酸钠注射液+利多卡因+得宝松(首次),三次(每周1次)治疗后,患者髋部疼痛基本缓解,同时,配合术后髋关节康复锻炼+热敷理疗治疗,现患者恢复无痛髋关节活动,可正常爬山。
图1? 彩超检查确诊髋臼盂唇损伤
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图2? 超声引导下将药物注射进入股骨颈处(平面内法)
Ultrasound-Guided Intra-Articular Injection of the Hip: The Nashville Sound.
?Nashville Hip Institute, Nashville, Tennessee, U.S.A.
?Abstract
Ultrasound-guided intra-articular injection has become a mainstay in the diagnosis and treatment of a variety of hip disorders. It is the single greatest adjunct to history and examination in the clinical assessment of hip problems and has substantial therapeutic value in the conservative management of symptomatic disorders, especially when used in conjunction with supervised physical therapy.
文献出处:?Elizabeth A Bardowski, J W Thomas Byrd. Ultrasound-Guided Intra-Articular Injection of the Hip: The Nashville Sound. Arthrosc Tech. 2019 Mar 11;8(4):e383-e388. doi: 10.1016/j.eats.2018.11.016. eCollection 2019 Apr.
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发表于:2021-08-12