什么是生物制剂?

什么是生物制剂? 生物制剂有什么副作用？

生物药物(生物制剂)是指，由活的生物体生产或含有活生物体成分的产品，不是通过化学合成。Biologic drugs (biologics) are products that are produced from living organisms or contain components of living organisms and are not synthesized chemically.

也就是说，生物制剂包括利用生物技术从人、动物或微生物中获得的各种各样的产品。In other words, Biologic drugs include a wide variety of products derived from human, animal, or microorganisms by using biotechnology.

生物制品可能含有控制其他蛋白质和细胞过程作用的蛋白质、控制重要蛋白质生产的基因、改良的人类激素或产生抑制或激活免疫系统成分的物质的细胞。Biologic products may contain proteins that control the action of other proteins and cellular processes, genes that control production of vital proteins, modified human hormones, or cells that produce substances that suppress or activate components of the immune system.

生物制剂通过靶向体内特定蛋白质或细胞起作用，又称靶向治疗；而传统药物通常通过阻断或增强特定酶或受体的活性起作用。Biologics work by targeting specific proteins or cells in the body, also known as targeted therapy; Conventional drugs usually work by blocking or boosting the activity of specific enzymes or receptors.

生物制剂的类型包括疫苗、血液、血液成分、细胞、过敏原制剂、基因、组织和重组蛋白。Types of biologic drugs include vaccines, blood, blood components, cells, allergens, genes, tissues, and recombinant proteins.

这些产品可以（已经）用于治疗各种疾病，包括癌症、自身免疫性疾病和传染性疾病。These products are used to treat various diseases and conditions, including cancer, autoimmune diseases, and infectious diseases.

基于基因和细胞的生物制剂往往处于生物医学研究的前沿，并可用于治疗各种难治性疾病。Gene-based and cellular biologics often are at the forefront of biomedical research, and may be used to treat a variety of medical conditions for which no other treatments are available.

生物制剂和传统药物都可能产生副作用，但副作用的类型和严重程度因具体药物而异。相对于传统化疗、免疫抑制剂及糖皮质激素治疗，生物制剂不良反应较小。生物制剂的可能不良反应与其阻断的蛋白传导通路有关。Both biologics and traditional medicines can cause side effects, but the type and severity of side effects can vary depending on the specific drug. Compared with traditional chemotherapy, immunosuppressant and glucocorticoid therapy, the adverse effects of biological agents on immune suppression are less. Adverse reactions to biologics are related to the protein pathway they blocked.

有些人可能会经历对生物制剂的过敏反应，如瘙痒、荨麻疹和呼吸短促。Some people may experience allergic reactions to biologics, such as itching, hives, and shortness of breath.

生物制剂和传统药物在各种疾病的治疗中都有自己的地位，选择使用哪一种取决于个体患者的具体需求和病史，请与专科医师详细交流。 Both biologics and traditional medicines have their place in the treatment of various medical conditions, and the choice of which one to use depends on the individual patient‘s specific needs and medical history.

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