臀中肌核心锻炼(2)：渐进式臀中肌抗阻力康复训练，髋臼发育不良DDH/股骨头坏死——保髋截骨术后康复

臀中肌锻炼(2)：渐进式臀中肌抗阻力康复训练，髋臼发育不良DDH/股骨头坏死——保髋截骨术后康复指导

作者：Jay R Ebert, Peter K Edwards, Daniel P Fick, Gregory C Janes.

作者单位: School of Sport Science, Exercise and Health, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth, Western Australia.

译者：陶可（北京大学人民医院骨关节科）

摘要

背景：鉴于臀中肌在骨盆和下肢稳定性中的作用，以及臀中肌无力与许多下肢疾病之间已知的联系，臀中肌康复至关重要。

目的：系统地回顾文献并提出一系列循证的渐进式臀中肌负荷练习。

证据获取：2016年1月进行了系统文献检索，以确定报告康复锻炼期间臀中肌活动占最大等长收缩(MVIC)百分比的研究。其中包括调查无受伤参与者的研究。对锻炼的类型或方式没有限制，但排除了无法在独立环境中准确复制或进行的锻炼。未将肌电活动标准化为侧卧MVIC的研究被排除。根据运动类型和%MVIC对运动进行分层：低（0%至20%）、中（21%至40%）、高（41%至60%）和极高（＞61%）。

证据综合：本次综述纳入了20项研究，报告了33项练习（以及同一练习的一系列变体）的结果。俯卧、四足和双侧桥式练习通常产生低或中等负荷。据报告，特定的髋部外展/旋转练习为中等、高或极高负荷。存在对侧肢体运动的单侧站立练习通常是高负荷或极高负荷的活动，而一系列功能性负重练习则存在高变异性。

结论：这篇综述概述了康复环境中常用的一系列练习，根据运动类型和臀中肌激活程度进行分层。这将有助于临床医生从术后早期到康复后期为患者量身定制臀中肌负荷方案。

A Systematic Review of Rehabilitation Exercises to Progressively Load the Gluteus Medius

Abstract

Context: Gluteus medius rehabilitation is of critical importance given its role in pelvic and lower limb stability, and the known link between gluteus medius weakness and many lower limb conditions.

Objective: To systematically review the literature and present an evidence-based graduated series of exercises to progressively load gluteus medius.

Evidence acquisition: A systematic literature search was conducted in January 2016 to identify studies reporting gluteus medius muscle activity as a percentage of maximal volitional isometric contraction (MVIC), during rehabilitation exercises. Studies that investigated injury free participants were included. No restrictions were placed on the type or mode of exercise, though exercises that could not be accurately replicated or performed within an independent setting were excluded. Studies that did not normalize electromyographic activity to a side lying MVIC were excluded. Exercises were stratified based on exercise type and %MVIC: low (0% to 20%), moderate (21% to 40%), high (41% to 60%), and very high (＞ 61%).

Evidence synthesis: 20 studies were included in this review, reporting outcomes in 33 exercises (and a range of variations of the same exercise). Prone, quadruped, and bilateral bridge exercises generally produced low or moderate load. Specific hip abduction/rotation exercises were reported as moderate, high, or very high load. Unilateral stance exercises in the presence of contralateral limb movement were often high or very high load activities, while high variability existed across a range of functional weight-bearing exercises.

Conclusions: This review outlined a series of exercises commonly employed in a rehabilitation setting, stratified based on exercise type and the magnitude of gluteus medius muscular activation. This will assist clinicians in tailoring gluteus medius loading regimens to patients, from the early postoperative through to later stages of rehabilitation.

Jiànjìn shì tún zhōng jī fùhè kāngfù xùnliàn

文献出处：Jay R Ebert, Peter K Edwards, Daniel P Fick, Gregory C Janes. A Systematic Review of Rehabilitation Exercises to Progressively Load the Gluteus Medius. Review J Sport Rehabil. 2017 Sep;26(5):418-436. doi: 10.1123/jsr.2016-0088.

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